Ethernet networking and cabling are defined in IEEE 802.3 standards. There are several variations in this standard, depending on speed, length, topology, and cabling used in implementing networks. The following sections provide a brief summary of the standards.
1. 10 Mbps Ethernet
The 10 Mbps standards include 10Base2, 10BaseT, and 10BaseFL. All these standards define a maximum data transfer speed of 10 Mbps. This speed is now considered obsolete for most networks. It is unlikely that you will encounter any 10 Mbps networks in your career. The following are different variations of 10 Mbps networks:
10Base2
The IEEE 802.3a standard defines 10Base2 Ethernet networks. This standard defines the use of RG-58 coaxial cabling with a maximum segment length of 185 meters. The network can achieve a maximum speed of 10 Mbps. The segments are typically wired in physical bus topology using BNC connectors, and each end of the cable must be terminated using 50-Ohm terminators. The 10Base2 standard allows a maximum of five segments, out of which only three segments can be populated. There should be a minimum distance of 0.5 meter between nodes.
10BaseT
The 10BaseT Ethernet standard defines use of CAT 3, 4, or 5 UTP cables with a maximum of 100 meters for each cable length. All computers (nodes) are connected in a point-to-point fashion to a central device known as the hub or the switch. These devices can further be cascaded to extend the network. It is typically wired in a physical star topology that makes it easy to add or remove nodes without affecting the network. 10BaseT also allows a maximum of five network segments in each network. The five segments can be connected using four repeaters. Unlike the 10Base2 networks, all five segments can be populated.
10BaseFL
The 10BaseFL Ethernet standard uses fiber optic cables in order to increase the cable segment lengths to 2000 meters. It is also wired in a physical star topology using SC or ST connectors. Due to its speed limitations, this technology is hardly used these days.
The 10 Mbps standards include 10Base2, 10BaseT, and 10BaseFL. All these standards define a maximum data transfer speed of 10 Mbps. This speed is now considered obsolete for most networks. It is unlikely that you will encounter any 10 Mbps networks in your career. The following are different variations of 10 Mbps networks:
10Base2
The IEEE 802.3a standard defines 10Base2 Ethernet networks. This standard defines the use of RG-58 coaxial cabling with a maximum segment length of 185 meters. The network can achieve a maximum speed of 10 Mbps. The segments are typically wired in physical bus topology using BNC connectors, and each end of the cable must be terminated using 50-Ohm terminators. The 10Base2 standard allows a maximum of five segments, out of which only three segments can be populated. There should be a minimum distance of 0.5 meter between nodes.
10BaseT
The 10BaseT Ethernet standard defines use of CAT 3, 4, or 5 UTP cables with a maximum of 100 meters for each cable length. All computers (nodes) are connected in a point-to-point fashion to a central device known as the hub or the switch. These devices can further be cascaded to extend the network. It is typically wired in a physical star topology that makes it easy to add or remove nodes without affecting the network. 10BaseT also allows a maximum of five network segments in each network. The five segments can be connected using four repeaters. Unlike the 10Base2 networks, all five segments can be populated.
10BaseFL
The 10BaseFL Ethernet standard uses fiber optic cables in order to increase the cable segment lengths to 2000 meters. It is also wired in a physical star topology using SC or ST connectors. Due to its speed limitations, this technology is hardly used these days.
2. 100 Mbps Ethernet
Most of the modern networks support 100 Mbps speeds, which provide better bandwidth for demanding applications. In fact, the 100 Mbps standard has become a minimum requirement these days. The following is a brief description of 100 Mbps standards.
100BaseTX
100BaseTX networks use two pairs of UTP CAT 5 cable. The length of cable segments can be up to 100 meters.
100BaseT4
100BaseT4 networks use four pairs of CAT 3, 4, or 5 type cables. The length of cable segments can be up to 100 meters.
100BaseFX
100BaseFX networks use multimode or single mode fiber optic cables and provide up to 100 Mbps of data transfer rates. The length of cable segment can be up to 412 meters for multimode and 10,000 meters for single mode cable.
Most of the modern networks support 100 Mbps speeds, which provide better bandwidth for demanding applications. In fact, the 100 Mbps standard has become a minimum requirement these days. The following is a brief description of 100 Mbps standards.
100BaseTX
100BaseTX networks use two pairs of UTP CAT 5 cable. The length of cable segments can be up to 100 meters.
100BaseT4
100BaseT4 networks use four pairs of CAT 3, 4, or 5 type cables. The length of cable segments can be up to 100 meters.
100BaseFX
100BaseFX networks use multimode or single mode fiber optic cables and provide up to 100 Mbps of data transfer rates. The length of cable segment can be up to 412 meters for multimode and 10,000 meters for single mode cable.
3. 1000 Mbps Ethernet
The 1000 Mbps (1 Gigabit) Ethernet networks are also known as Gigabit Ethernet. These networks use either copper-based or fiber optic cabling. These networks are implemented mainly as a backbone for large networks. The following is a brief description of Gigabit Ethernet standards:
1000BaseX
The IEEE 802.3z specifies the 1000BaseX standards that describe three different Gigabit standards: 1000BaseLX, 1000BaseSX and 1000BaseCX. The 1000BaseLX and 1000BaseSX use multimode or single mode fiber optic cables. The 1000BaseLX uses long wavelength laser beams while the 1000BaseSX uses short wavelength laser beams. The 1000BaseCX standard specifies use of shielded twisted pair (STP) cables.
1000BaseT
The IEEE 802.3ab specifies the 1000BaseT standard. It uses four pairs of CAT 5 UTP cable. Each pair of the CAT 5 cable can achieve maximum data transfer speeds of up to 250 Mbps, making it an overall 1000 Mbps.
The 1000 Mbps (1 Gigabit) Ethernet networks are also known as Gigabit Ethernet. These networks use either copper-based or fiber optic cabling. These networks are implemented mainly as a backbone for large networks. The following is a brief description of Gigabit Ethernet standards:
1000BaseX
The IEEE 802.3z specifies the 1000BaseX standards that describe three different Gigabit standards: 1000BaseLX, 1000BaseSX and 1000BaseCX. The 1000BaseLX and 1000BaseSX use multimode or single mode fiber optic cables. The 1000BaseLX uses long wavelength laser beams while the 1000BaseSX uses short wavelength laser beams. The 1000BaseCX standard specifies use of shielded twisted pair (STP) cables.
1000BaseT
The IEEE 802.3ab specifies the 1000BaseT standard. It uses four pairs of CAT 5 UTP cable. Each pair of the CAT 5 cable can achieve maximum data transfer speeds of up to 250 Mbps, making it an overall 1000 Mbps.
4. 10 Gigabit Ethernet
The 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks are specified in the IEEE 802.3ae standard. These networks can achieve a maximum data transfer speed of up to 10,000 Mbps (10 Gbps). All these networks are used for baseband transmissions, in which digital or analog signals are carried on a single channel. The following is a brief description of 10 Gigabit Ethernet standards:
10GBaseSR
SR stands for Short Range optical technology. These networks use 50 micron or 62.5 micron multimode fiber optic cable. The length of the cable segment varies from 33 meters to 330 meters, depending on the type of cable used.
10GBaseLR
LR stands for Long Range optical technology. These networks use single mode iber optic cable. The length of the cable segment can be up to 10,000 meters (10 Km).
10GBaseER
ER stands for Extended Range optical technology. These networks use single mode fiber optic cable. The length of a cable segment can be up to 40,000 meters (40 Km).
The 10 Gigabit Ethernet networks are specified in the IEEE 802.3ae standard. These networks can achieve a maximum data transfer speed of up to 10,000 Mbps (10 Gbps). All these networks are used for baseband transmissions, in which digital or analog signals are carried on a single channel. The following is a brief description of 10 Gigabit Ethernet standards:
10GBaseSR
SR stands for Short Range optical technology. These networks use 50 micron or 62.5 micron multimode fiber optic cable. The length of the cable segment varies from 33 meters to 330 meters, depending on the type of cable used.
10GBaseLR
LR stands for Long Range optical technology. These networks use single mode iber optic cable. The length of the cable segment can be up to 10,000 meters (10 Km).
10GBaseER
ER stands for Extended Range optical technology. These networks use single mode fiber optic cable. The length of a cable segment can be up to 40,000 meters (40 Km).
No comments:
Post a Comment